HLTEN513B Student Assessment Case Studies Essay - 1357 Words

Student Name: Student ID: Group: Date: Assessment Coding Assessment for this unit of competency is based on competency based grading. Assessments are weighted and your assessment will be marked with a percentage and grade. Grades applied to assessment in this unit of competency are: Competency Not Achieved (CNA) 0-49% Competency achieved – graded (CAG) 50-59% Competent with Credit (CC) 60-69% Competent with Distinction (CDI) 70-79% Competent with High Distinction (CHD) 80-100% Re-assessment Any re-assessment is conducted as soon as practicable after you have been informed of the requirement to be re-assessed and have been given the opportunity to be re-trained and assimilate the training. You are re-assessed†¦show more content†¦The Resident Medical Officer (RMO) has informed Linda of her diagnosis. Linda has stated, â€Å"I cannot believe this is happening to me†. The Nurse has returned to perform regular observations on Linda, and has noticed that she is bent over the bedside table, is very sluggish and looks like she has an increased respiratory rate. 1. Discuss the pathophysiology of each condition in Linda’s past medical history (2 marks each, 8 marks/250 words) 2. What are the clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure which are evident with Linda’s case? (1 marks each, 6 marks total/ 175 words) 3. Outline the nursing interventions that should be performed when Linda is found bending over the bedside table and provide appropriate rationales. Note any potential risks or complications related to these interventions if applicable. (1 mark each, 10 marks total/ 300 words) 4. Provide three (3) nursing diagnoses (and a rationale for each) that can be made in relation to Linda’s physiological and psychosocial health problems. (2 mark each, total 6 marks/ 175 words) 5. Outline the nursing interventions that should be implemented following the diagnoses made in Question 4. (1 mark each, total 3 marks/150 words) 6. Identity two (2) health support services that Linda may require on admission to the ward and briefly discuss

Utilitarianism and Animal Rights - 3174 Words

Animal Rights Throughout history morality has been a topic of intense debate. Innumerable thinkers have devoted immense amounts of time and energy to the formulation of various ethical theories intended to assist humans in their daily lives. These theories set out guidelines which help to determine the rightness or wrongness of any given action and can therefore illuminate which choice would be morally beneficial. And while many of these theories differ substantially, most have at least one common underlying principle, namely that humans deserve to be treated with a certain level of respect. This idea comes from the belief that all humans have interests which are significant enough to be considered, hence no one should impede another†¦show more content†¦It is strikingly obvious that both of these theories exhibit substantial differences in the way in which they determine morality. Utilitarians focus on pleasure and pain whereas Kant concentrates on absolute moral rules and human dignity . Yet how do these variations manifest themselves within the context of animal rights? I will first put forth the traditional Kantian argument regarding the status of animals. The Categorical Imperative makes a distinction between two types of individuals. Rational beings are referred to as persons while non-rational being are deemed things#. So while a rational being can never be used as a means, things exist almost solely for that purpose. From this point the implications concerning animals become clear. So far as animals are concerned, we have no direct duties. AnimalsÂ…are there merely as a means to an end. That end is man.# This viewpoint advanced by Kant is further expounded upon in his essay Our Duties to Animals. Here he explains that we have no direct duties to animals because they are not self-conscious, rational moral agents. Instead we have indirect duties to human beings in regards to animals. We should therefore not be cruel to animals because he who is cruel to an imals becomes hard also in his dealings with men.# According to Kant, we can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals.# Yet there are many difficultiesShow MoreRelatedAnimal Rights And Utilitarianism1063 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Rights and Utilitarianism Peter Singer argues, in regard to animal rights, that equal beings with equal interests should be considered equally. Singer makes three claims about equality to support his position; equality is based on equal consideration, speciesism is unjustified, and the ability to feel pain makes one worthy of moral consideration. He believes equal interests deserve equal treatment, and guidelines for having interests concern sentience; the ability to experience suffering.Read MoreThe Ethical Argument For Veganism1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lens of philosophy using Utilitarianism defined by John Stuart Mill, and Deontological ethics according to Immanuel Kant. Through the use of these theories, I will justify the moral worth and legitimacy of the animal welfare debate that is often used to promote a cruelty-free and vegan lifestyle by analyzing questions of animal sentience, the worth of an animal’s happiness, and the right humanity supposedly has to the lives of other living creatur es. Utilitarianism and Deontological ethics willRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Utilitarianism954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the ethical belief that the happiness of the greatest number of people is the greatest good. Jeremy Betham and John Stuart Mill are two philosophers that were leading advocates for the utilitarianism that we study today. In order to understand the basis of utilitarianism, one must know what happiness is. John Stuart Mill defines happiness as the intended pleasure and absence of pain while unhappiness is pain and the privation of pleasure. UtilitariansRead More`` On The Hunt : Killing, Eating, Respecting Wild Beast, By John Stuart Mill1581 Words   |  7 PagesIn the essay Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill argues the purpose of morality is to create a better world as a whole, or to achieve utility. Mill defines utility as actions that promote happiness and pleasure, with the absence of pain and suffering and asserts that utilitarianism embodies this concept, as it is a moral theory that encourages and preaches actions that coincide with such ideals. John Stuart Mill ’s Utilitarianism relates to A New Environmental Ethics, authored by Holmes Rolston III,Read MoreUtilitarianism Essays : The Happiest And Pleasure Of The Most People Not Included The Personal Happiness1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe unsound of utilitarianism The utilitarianism theory is described as the happiest and pleasure of the most people not included the personal happiness. Jeremy Bentham believes there were two masters in this world that are pleasure and pain. On utilitarianism, we should reject pain and found a way to make more people happy no matter what the outcome. Utilitarianism is unsound because of events in history, life conflict, and animal cruelty that occurs in our everyday. All thru history, it has shownRead MoreAnimal Rights At Factory Farms1629 Words   |  7 PagesMadison Bowdish Dr. Brian Onishi PHIL 229 15 Dec 2016 Animal Rights in Factory Farms The idea that industrial farming is bad for the environment is well known, but what people do not think about is horrible practice of factory farms within industrial farming. Factory farms are inhumane and not only because the animal is being slaughtered, but because of the way the animals are treated before the are killed. A person would think that if they were to be innocently killed that they would want to beRead MoreThe utilitarianism theory holds that an action is moral if it produces the greatest amount of good1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe utilitarianism theory holds that an action is moral if it produces the greatest amount of good for the largest amount of people that are affected by the consequences of the action DeGeorge 44). Jeremy Bentham believed that one should measure the intensity, duration, certainty, remoteness, or purity and their opposites when evaluating for each person that is affected (DeGeorge 46). For example, a consequence that gives a more desirable qual ity like pleasure would be favored, just like if oneRead More Jeremy Bentham : Father of Utilitarianism Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages Assess the merits of Utilitarianism (24 Marks) Utilitarianism is a theory aimed at defining one simple basis that can be applied when making any ethical decision. It is based on a human’s natural instinct to seek pleasure and avoid pain. Jeremy Bentham is widely regarded as the father of utilitarianism. He was born in 1748 into a family of lawyers and was himself, training to join the profession. During this process however, he became disillusioned by the state British law was in and set outRead MoreThe Ethical Theories Of Utilitarianism And Kantian Ethics Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I will be discussing an article about a woman who starved her two horses. I will address the issue about whether or not the woman’s action was ethical. I will use the two ethical theories of utilitarianism and Kantian ethics to support my argument. I will also suggest a different course of action the woman could have taken to be justified, through both ethical theories. The article follows the story about an Australian woman who breached her duty of care to two horses that she ownedRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Utilitarianism Essays883 Words   |  4 Pages The Doctrine of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a doctrine that revolves around two concepts: happiness and consequentialism. It follows the â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle† which is, â€Å"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (Mill 239). Utilitarianists’ most vast idea is creating the greatest happiness for

Capitalism, Commodification And The Consumer Citizen

Response paper #1: Capitalism, commodification and the consumer citizen The assigned readings offered us the opportunity to study capitalism, its theoretical basis, and its effect of modern societies, while taking into account its domination techniques and worldwide influence. Because cultural studies concern themselves with structures of power it is only logical for theorists like Hall, Boudrillard, Debord, Schor, Pieterse, and Gramsci, to immerse themselves in the dissection of this particular ideology and the way it affects and shapes humanity. The first given argument is that capitalism distracts us of reality, with â€Å"Procession of Simulacra† Boudrillard introduces the term â€Å"simulacra† to define how subjects of capitalism live in an imagined world of â€Å"simulation models† (Boudrillard 409). Capitalism is then a spectacle of epic proportions that sustains itself promoting the idea that it is the only socio-economical pathway to success and the only way of life that is conducive to society’s overall happiness. This spectacle, according to Debord’s â€Å"Commodity as Spectacle† becomes an instrument of unification (Debord 118). As an ideology that fosters social relations among people mediated by images, its world vision becomes objectified as the dominant way of social life. Gramsci’s â€Å"History of the Sub-altern Classes† contributes by introducing the concepts of dominant and subaltern groups, he theorizes the dominant group to manifest itself through in tellectual and moralShow MoreRelated Implications of Capitalism on Objective News Content1397 Words   |  6 PagesWhile Capitalism might first be seen as a positive influence on free and open access to information, in fact, it can also have a detrimental impact. Inaccurate news stories, sensationalized material, and manipulation through the media are all repercussions of the effects of capitalism. Capitalism’s influence in the media skews content in favour of the market, preventing the public from access to democratic, objective news content. Too often, capitalist influence dominates the media market throughRead MoreCrime Trends And The Consumption Of Crime1799 Words   |  8 Pagesnumber of crime†related commodities such as security alarms, crime related television programs, and general merchandise. This essay will explore the commodification of crime by critically examining rising crime rates, increasing sales of crime†associated and targeted products duri ng the period when crime increases only slightly are explained as capitalism s ability to form commodities from both social problems and deviance. Using secondary data, this essay will describe these crime trends and the consumptionRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction1320 Words   |  6 Pagescategories from traditional aesthetic values, those of â€Å"creativity and genius, eternal value and mystery† (Benjamin, 218). In contrast, he relates these tendencies to bourgeois and fascist ideologies and to the conditions, inevitably generated out of capitalism itself, which provoke â€Å"revolutionary demands in the politics of art† (217-8) Benjamin claims that in times past the role of art has been to provide a magical foundation for the cult. Here the artwork’s use value was located in its central positionRead MoreSocial Analysis1489 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is in turn a basic task of developing the organizations of civic society and f inding workable solutions. Commodification or reification, is the tendency to reduce a person, relationship or turning something into an object of economic value, a commodity to be sold in the marketplace. For example, the basic need of decent, affordable housing has been commodified into a consumer item, which is only available to those who can afford it. Social costs, are costs caused mainly by industriesRead MoreGeorge Carlin And The American Dream1792 Words   |  8 PagesDream† and applies the topic in relation to the problem of consciousness (specifically class), contradictions in capitalism, and communism. Each theoretical concept has a connection to the present issues of our society and the problems people have when it comes to how they view the world. The â€Å"American Dream† is a veil that a majority of people are obscured upon, thinking that every citizen has an equal opportunity to be prosperous and successful through hard work, but according to George Carlin, allRead MoreThe Domestic Work Of African American Women1844 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent social groups of this southeastern community. From the conflicts that aroused between the different White European settlers, to the adjustment of the African Americans to labor, the southerner society, or community, was created. The commodification of the domestic work of African American women affected in great ways their performance in white households, as well as their portrayal in advertisements, where they were shown to be a need to white southerners during the 1920’s. Although theseRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Film Cronos By Guillermo Del Toro2097 Words   |  9 Pagescritique and analyze the different forms of capitalism and how the state uses it to incite an d control violence. Looking at three films in particular we can examine how these films play a larger role in society rather than just being apart of â€Å"pop culture.† The Film Cronos by Guillermo Del Toro is a striking criticism on capitalism and how the state aims to maintain control over commodities of high interest. Themes of the most basic aspects of capitalism can be seen through out this film includingRead MoreWhat Does a â€Å"Political Economy† Approach to Study of the Creative and Cultural Industries Involve? What Are Its Advantages and Disadvantages?4265 Words   |  18 Pagesconsumption of resources, including communication resources†. (Mosco, 2009: 2). His formulation of political economy reflects both sides of the economical process a product production cycle and the consumer choice. Also the author proposes three processes of the political economy such as commodification, specialization and structuration as an entry points to actually to better understand political economy. Robert Babe’s declares that â€Å"political economy studies focus on economics, financial and politicRead MoreThe Logic Of Oppression Duri ng The Era Of Colonization1937 Words   |  8 Pagesthat they are detached from their historical reality, while working hard to become socialized into a world that ignores their experiences and suffering. Furthermore, Viramontes discusses how the impact of erasure is two-fold: desocialization and commodification (which she reframes as something that can be both positive and liberating) of oppressed, lower-class groups. First off, Viramontes skillfully reveals how intrinsic erasure is within the narratives of agricultural laborers through the use ofRead MoreReview of ‚Äà ²Dressed to Kill: Consumption, Style and the Gangster (Ruth, 1996)‚Äà ´2868 Words   |  12 Pagespeople’s society and culture. The public enemy, defined by business organisation, violent criminality and stylish consumption, was deployed by many Americans during the development of a new consumer society. The gangster was introduced and became a fascination to Americans at the peak of development of the new consumer society. Within this new society, consumerism had increased dramatically, when easy credit and flood of goods transformed Americans lives, particularly within the urban middle class.

Capitalism, Commodification And The Consumer Citizen

Response paper #1: Capitalism, commodification and the consumer citizen The assigned readings offered us the opportunity to study capitalism, its theoretical basis, and its effect of modern societies, while taking into account its domination techniques and worldwide influence. Because cultural studies concern themselves with structures of power it is only logical for theorists like Hall, Boudrillard, Debord, Schor, Pieterse, and Gramsci, to immerse themselves in the dissection of this particular ideology and the way it affects and shapes humanity. The first given argument is that capitalism distracts us of reality, with â€Å"Procession of Simulacra† Boudrillard introduces the term â€Å"simulacra† to define how subjects of capitalism live in an imagined world of â€Å"simulation models† (Boudrillard 409). Capitalism is then a spectacle of epic proportions that sustains itself promoting the idea that it is the only socio-economical pathway to success and the only way of life that is conducive to society’s overall happiness. This spectacle, according to Debord’s â€Å"Commodity as Spectacle† becomes an instrument of unification (Debord 118). As an ideology that fosters social relations among people mediated by images, its world vision becomes objectified as the dominant way of social life. Gramsci’s â€Å"History of the Sub-altern Classes† contributes by introducing the concepts of dominant and subaltern groups, he theorizes the dominant group to manifest itself through in tellectual and moralShow MoreRelated Implications of Capitalism on Objective News Content1397 Words   |  6 PagesWhile Capitalism might first be seen as a positive influence on free and open access to information, in fact, it can also have a detrimental impact. Inaccurate news stories, sensationalized material, and manipulation through the media are all repercussions of the effects of capitalism. Capitalism’s influence in the media skews content in favour of the market, preventing the public from access to democratic, objective news content. Too often, capitalist influence dominates the media market throughRead MoreCrime Trends And The Consumption Of Crime1799 Words   |  8 Pagesnumber of crime†related commodities such as security alarms, crime related television programs, and general merchandise. This essay will explore the commodification of crime by critically examining rising crime rates, increasing sales of crime†associated and targeted products duri ng the period when crime increases only slightly are explained as capitalism s ability to form commodities from both social problems and deviance. Using secondary data, this essay will describe these crime trends and the consumptionRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction1320 Words   |  6 Pagescategories from traditional aesthetic values, those of â€Å"creativity and genius, eternal value and mystery† (Benjamin, 218). In contrast, he relates these tendencies to bourgeois and fascist ideologies and to the conditions, inevitably generated out of capitalism itself, which provoke â€Å"revolutionary demands in the politics of art† (217-8) Benjamin claims that in times past the role of art has been to provide a magical foundation for the cult. Here the artwork’s use value was located in its central positionRead MoreSocial Analysis1489 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is in turn a basic task of developing the organizations of civic society and f inding workable solutions. Commodification or reification, is the tendency to reduce a person, relationship or turning something into an object of economic value, a commodity to be sold in the marketplace. For example, the basic need of decent, affordable housing has been commodified into a consumer item, which is only available to those who can afford it. Social costs, are costs caused mainly by industriesRead MoreGeorge Carlin And The American Dream1792 Words   |  8 PagesDream† and applies the topic in relation to the problem of consciousness (specifically class), contradictions in capitalism, and communism. Each theoretical concept has a connection to the present issues of our society and the problems people have when it comes to how they view the world. The â€Å"American Dream† is a veil that a majority of people are obscured upon, thinking that every citizen has an equal opportunity to be prosperous and successful through hard work, but according to George Carlin, allRead MoreThe Domestic Work Of African American Women1844 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent social groups of this southeastern community. From the conflicts that aroused between the different White European settlers, to the adjustment of the African Americans to labor, the southerner society, or community, was created. The commodification of the domestic work of African American women affected in great ways their performance in white households, as well as their portrayal in advertisements, where they were shown to be a need to white southerners during the 1920’s. Although theseRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Film Cronos By Guillermo Del Toro2097 Words   |  9 Pagescritique and analyze the different forms of capitalism and how the state uses it to incite an d control violence. Looking at three films in particular we can examine how these films play a larger role in society rather than just being apart of â€Å"pop culture.† The Film Cronos by Guillermo Del Toro is a striking criticism on capitalism and how the state aims to maintain control over commodities of high interest. Themes of the most basic aspects of capitalism can be seen through out this film includingRead MoreWhat Does a â€Å"Political Economy† Approach to Study of the Creative and Cultural Industries Involve? What Are Its Advantages and Disadvantages?4265 Words   |  18 Pagesconsumption of resources, including communication resources†. (Mosco, 2009: 2). His formulation of political economy reflects both sides of the economical process a product production cycle and the consumer choice. Also the author proposes three processes of the political economy such as commodification, specialization and structuration as an entry points to actually to better understand political economy. Robert Babe’s declares that â€Å"political economy studies focus on economics, financial and politicRead MoreThe Logic Of Oppression Duri ng The Era Of Colonization1937 Words   |  8 Pagesthat they are detached from their historical reality, while working hard to become socialized into a world that ignores their experiences and suffering. Furthermore, Viramontes discusses how the impact of erasure is two-fold: desocialization and commodification (which she reframes as something that can be both positive and liberating) of oppressed, lower-class groups. First off, Viramontes skillfully reveals how intrinsic erasure is within the narratives of agricultural laborers through the use ofRead MoreReview of ‚Äà ²Dressed to Kill: Consumption, Style and the Gangster (Ruth, 1996)‚Äà ´2868 Words   |  12 Pagespeople’s society and culture. The public enemy, defined by business organisation, violent criminality and stylish consumption, was deployed by many Americans during the development of a new consumer society. The gangster was introduced and became a fascination to Americans at the peak of development of the new consumer society. Within this new society, consumerism had increased dramatically, when easy credit and flood of goods transformed Americans lives, particularly within the urban middle class.

Capitalism, Commodification And The Consumer Citizen

Response paper #1: Capitalism, commodification and the consumer citizen The assigned readings offered us the opportunity to study capitalism, its theoretical basis, and its effect of modern societies, while taking into account its domination techniques and worldwide influence. Because cultural studies concern themselves with structures of power it is only logical for theorists like Hall, Boudrillard, Debord, Schor, Pieterse, and Gramsci, to immerse themselves in the dissection of this particular ideology and the way it affects and shapes humanity. The first given argument is that capitalism distracts us of reality, with â€Å"Procession of Simulacra† Boudrillard introduces the term â€Å"simulacra† to define how subjects of capitalism live in an imagined world of â€Å"simulation models† (Boudrillard 409). Capitalism is then a spectacle of epic proportions that sustains itself promoting the idea that it is the only socio-economical pathway to success and the only way of life that is conducive to society’s overall happiness. This spectacle, according to Debord’s â€Å"Commodity as Spectacle† becomes an instrument of unification (Debord 118). As an ideology that fosters social relations among people mediated by images, its world vision becomes objectified as the dominant way of social life. Gramsci’s â€Å"History of the Sub-altern Classes† contributes by introducing the concepts of dominant and subaltern groups, he theorizes the dominant group to manifest itself through in tellectual and moralShow MoreRelated Implications of Capitalism on Objective News Content1397 Words   |  6 PagesWhile Capitalism might first be seen as a positive influence on free and open access to information, in fact, it can also have a detrimental impact. Inaccurate news stories, sensationalized material, and manipulation through the media are all repercussions of the effects of capitalism. Capitalism’s influence in the media skews content in favour of the market, preventing the public from access to democratic, objective news content. Too often, capitalist influence dominates the media market throughRead MoreCrime Trends And The Consumption Of Crime1799 Words   |  8 Pagesnumber of crime†related commodities such as security alarms, crime related television programs, and general merchandise. This essay will explore the commodification of crime by critically examining rising crime rates, increasing sales of crime†associated and targeted products duri ng the period when crime increases only slightly are explained as capitalism s ability to form commodities from both social problems and deviance. Using secondary data, this essay will describe these crime trends and the consumptionRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction1320 Words   |  6 Pagescategories from traditional aesthetic values, those of â€Å"creativity and genius, eternal value and mystery† (Benjamin, 218). In contrast, he relates these tendencies to bourgeois and fascist ideologies and to the conditions, inevitably generated out of capitalism itself, which provoke â€Å"revolutionary demands in the politics of art† (217-8) Benjamin claims that in times past the role of art has been to provide a magical foundation for the cult. Here the artwork’s use value was located in its central positionRead MoreSocial Analysis1489 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is in turn a basic task of developing the organizations of civic society and f inding workable solutions. Commodification or reification, is the tendency to reduce a person, relationship or turning something into an object of economic value, a commodity to be sold in the marketplace. For example, the basic need of decent, affordable housing has been commodified into a consumer item, which is only available to those who can afford it. Social costs, are costs caused mainly by industriesRead MoreGeorge Carlin And The American Dream1792 Words   |  8 PagesDream† and applies the topic in relation to the problem of consciousness (specifically class), contradictions in capitalism, and communism. Each theoretical concept has a connection to the present issues of our society and the problems people have when it comes to how they view the world. The â€Å"American Dream† is a veil that a majority of people are obscured upon, thinking that every citizen has an equal opportunity to be prosperous and successful through hard work, but according to George Carlin, allRead MoreThe Domestic Work Of African American Women1844 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent social groups of this southeastern community. From the conflicts that aroused between the different White European settlers, to the adjustment of the African Americans to labor, the southerner society, or community, was created. The commodification of the domestic work of African American women affected in great ways their performance in white households, as well as their portrayal in advertisements, where they were shown to be a need to white southerners during the 1920’s. Although theseRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Film Cronos By Guillermo Del Toro2097 Words   |  9 Pagescritique and analyze the different forms of capitalism and how the state uses it to incite an d control violence. Looking at three films in particular we can examine how these films play a larger role in society rather than just being apart of â€Å"pop culture.† The Film Cronos by Guillermo Del Toro is a striking criticism on capitalism and how the state aims to maintain control over commodities of high interest. Themes of the most basic aspects of capitalism can be seen through out this film includingRead MoreWhat Does a â€Å"Political Economy† Approach to Study of the Creative and Cultural Industries Involve? What Are Its Advantages and Disadvantages?4265 Words   |  18 Pagesconsumption of resources, including communication resources†. (Mosco, 2009: 2). His formulation of political economy reflects both sides of the economical process a product production cycle and the consumer choice. Also the author proposes three processes of the political economy such as commodification, specialization and structuration as an entry points to actually to better understand political economy. Robert Babe’s declares that â€Å"political economy studies focus on economics, financial and politicRead MoreThe Logic Of Oppression Duri ng The Era Of Colonization1937 Words   |  8 Pagesthat they are detached from their historical reality, while working hard to become socialized into a world that ignores their experiences and suffering. Furthermore, Viramontes discusses how the impact of erasure is two-fold: desocialization and commodification (which she reframes as something that can be both positive and liberating) of oppressed, lower-class groups. First off, Viramontes skillfully reveals how intrinsic erasure is within the narratives of agricultural laborers through the use ofRead MoreReview of ‚Äà ²Dressed to Kill: Consumption, Style and the Gangster (Ruth, 1996)‚Äà ´2868 Words   |  12 Pagespeople’s society and culture. The public enemy, defined by business organisation, violent criminality and stylish consumption, was deployed by many Americans during the development of a new consumer society. The gangster was introduced and became a fascination to Americans at the peak of development of the new consumer society. Within this new society, consumerism had increased dramatically, when easy credit and flood of goods transformed Americans lives, particularly within the urban middle class.

Capitalism, Commodification And The Consumer Citizen

Response paper #1: Capitalism, commodification and the consumer citizen The assigned readings offered us the opportunity to study capitalism, its theoretical basis, and its effect of modern societies, while taking into account its domination techniques and worldwide influence. Because cultural studies concern themselves with structures of power it is only logical for theorists like Hall, Boudrillard, Debord, Schor, Pieterse, and Gramsci, to immerse themselves in the dissection of this particular ideology and the way it affects and shapes humanity. The first given argument is that capitalism distracts us of reality, with â€Å"Procession of Simulacra† Boudrillard introduces the term â€Å"simulacra† to define how subjects of capitalism live in an imagined world of â€Å"simulation models† (Boudrillard 409). Capitalism is then a spectacle of epic proportions that sustains itself promoting the idea that it is the only socio-economical pathway to success and the only way of life that is conducive to society’s overall happiness. This spectacle, according to Debord’s â€Å"Commodity as Spectacle† becomes an instrument of unification (Debord 118). As an ideology that fosters social relations among people mediated by images, its world vision becomes objectified as the dominant way of social life. Gramsci’s â€Å"History of the Sub-altern Classes† contributes by introducing the concepts of dominant and subaltern groups, he theorizes the dominant group to manifest itself through in tellectual and moralShow MoreRelated Implications of Capitalism on Objective News Content1397 Words   |  6 PagesWhile Capitalism might first be seen as a positive influence on free and open access to information, in fact, it can also have a detrimental impact. Inaccurate news stories, sensationalized material, and manipulation through the media are all repercussions of the effects of capitalism. Capitalism’s influence in the media skews content in favour of the market, preventing the public from access to democratic, objective news content. Too often, capitalist influence dominates the media market throughRead MoreCrime Trends And The Consumption Of Crime1799 Words   |  8 Pagesnumber of crime†related commodities such as security alarms, crime related television programs, and general merchandise. This essay will explore the commodification of crime by critically examining rising crime rates, increasing sales of crime†associated and targeted products duri ng the period when crime increases only slightly are explained as capitalism s ability to form commodities from both social problems and deviance. Using secondary data, this essay will describe these crime trends and the consumptionRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction1320 Words   |  6 Pagescategories from traditional aesthetic values, those of â€Å"creativity and genius, eternal value and mystery† (Benjamin, 218). In contrast, he relates these tendencies to bourgeois and fascist ideologies and to the conditions, inevitably generated out of capitalism itself, which provoke â€Å"revolutionary demands in the politics of art† (217-8) Benjamin claims that in times past the role of art has been to provide a magical foundation for the cult. Here the artwork’s use value was located in its central positionRead MoreSocial Analysis1489 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is in turn a basic task of developing the organizations of civic society and f inding workable solutions. Commodification or reification, is the tendency to reduce a person, relationship or turning something into an object of economic value, a commodity to be sold in the marketplace. For example, the basic need of decent, affordable housing has been commodified into a consumer item, which is only available to those who can afford it. Social costs, are costs caused mainly by industriesRead MoreGeorge Carlin And The American Dream1792 Words   |  8 PagesDream† and applies the topic in relation to the problem of consciousness (specifically class), contradictions in capitalism, and communism. Each theoretical concept has a connection to the present issues of our society and the problems people have when it comes to how they view the world. The â€Å"American Dream† is a veil that a majority of people are obscured upon, thinking that every citizen has an equal opportunity to be prosperous and successful through hard work, but according to George Carlin, allRead MoreThe Domestic Work Of African American Women1844 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent social groups of this southeastern community. From the conflicts that aroused between the different White European settlers, to the adjustment of the African Americans to labor, the southerner society, or community, was created. The commodification of the domestic work of African American women affected in great ways their performance in white households, as well as their portrayal in advertisements, where they were shown to be a need to white southerners during the 1920’s. Although theseRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Film Cronos By Guillermo Del Toro2097 Words   |  9 Pagescritique and analyze the different forms of capitalism and how the state uses it to incite an d control violence. Looking at three films in particular we can examine how these films play a larger role in society rather than just being apart of â€Å"pop culture.† The Film Cronos by Guillermo Del Toro is a striking criticism on capitalism and how the state aims to maintain control over commodities of high interest. Themes of the most basic aspects of capitalism can be seen through out this film includingRead MoreWhat Does a â€Å"Political Economy† Approach to Study of the Creative and Cultural Industries Involve? What Are Its Advantages and Disadvantages?4265 Words   |  18 Pagesconsumption of resources, including communication resources†. (Mosco, 2009: 2). His formulation of political economy reflects both sides of the economical process a product production cycle and the consumer choice. Also the author proposes three processes of the political economy such as commodification, specialization and structuration as an entry points to actually to better understand political economy. Robert Babe’s declares that â€Å"political economy studies focus on economics, financial and politicRead MoreThe Logic Of Oppression Duri ng The Era Of Colonization1937 Words   |  8 Pagesthat they are detached from their historical reality, while working hard to become socialized into a world that ignores their experiences and suffering. Furthermore, Viramontes discusses how the impact of erasure is two-fold: desocialization and commodification (which she reframes as something that can be both positive and liberating) of oppressed, lower-class groups. First off, Viramontes skillfully reveals how intrinsic erasure is within the narratives of agricultural laborers through the use ofRead MoreReview of ‚Äà ²Dressed to Kill: Consumption, Style and the Gangster (Ruth, 1996)‚Äà ´2868 Words   |  12 Pagespeople’s society and culture. The public enemy, defined by business organisation, violent criminality and stylish consumption, was deployed by many Americans during the development of a new consumer society. The gangster was introduced and became a fascination to Americans at the peak of development of the new consumer society. Within this new society, consumerism had increased dramatically, when easy credit and flood of goods transformed Americans lives, particularly within the urban middle class.

Nursing Ethics Of Palliative Care - 1182 Words

Running head: Nursing Ethics in Palliative Care 1 Nursing Ethics in Palliative Care Debi Ramsey Western Carolina University (Class) October 29, 2017 The nursing profession offers many rewards. Among those is being part of a team who has the opportunity to influence the health, welfare and well being of people each and every day. Nursing student go to nursing school with the intention of learning how to heal and help people live not to learn to help people die. The healthcare environment is changing. Part of that change is because the United States’ (US) population is aging at increasing rates. By 2030, one in five Americans†¦show more content†¦Nurses must now be educated to understand holistic person-centered care, identification and respect for patient choices from prenatal to end of life. Some ways to accomplish this include: incorporate primary palliative nursing education in pre-licensure, graduate, doctoral, and continuing education; increase palliative care content on the pre-licensure NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN exams; develop and implement evidence-based palliative care services for all organizations; and made primary palliative nursing be part of organizational and unit-based credentialing and recognition programs. The appreciation of cultural diversity and preferences and the need for equity and inclusion in palliative care practice causes an ethical problems when all nurses are not educated to assure that all patients of all ages can receive palliative whenever and where ever it is needed. The second dilemma is caused by the wording in all settings. Palliative care can be given in homes. More often it is given in palliative care clinics, extended care facilities, nursing homes with a palliative care team or hospitals. The most difficult setting to assure that palliative care is delivered may be in hospitals without a palliative care unit. This is an example by Paulus 2008. Mrs. Smith, a 71 year old female, is admitted with exacerbation of her chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia. Her symptoms are cough, fever,Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Nursing Ess ay1633 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Nurses Association, the definition of nursing is, the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations. (as retrieved from ANA, 2016) Nursing is a comprehensive profession with one goal; to take care of patients. There are many duties involved inRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma of Assisted Suicide for Nurses878 Words   |  4 PagesThe Code of Ethics for Nurses was created to be a guide for nurses to perform their duties in a way that is abiding with the ethical responsibilities of the nursing profession and quality in nursing care. The Code of Ethics has excellent guidelines for how nurses should behave, however; these parameters are not specific. They do not identify what is right and wrong, leaving nurses having to ultimately make that decision. Ethics in nursing involves individual interpretation based on personal moralsRead MorePalliative Care : A Type Of Health Care For Patients And Families1620 Words   |  7 PagesPalliative care is a type of health care for patients and families facing life-threatening illness, and helps patients maintain their dignity and quality of life so close to the end. During my clinical at Rosthern Hospital, I had a few experiences with patients and their end of life care. In these situations the patients, their families, and the healthcare team have been confronted with many ethical dilemmas. At Rosthern, there were three different patients who had a difficult time during their endRead MoreThis Week Nine Paper Will Discuss The Values And Ethics1478 Words   |  6 Pagespaper will discuss the values and ethics in the practicum agency and answer questions related to ethics. In addition, this paper will discuss ethical issues or dilemmas at the agency and how social workers address these issues. Furthermore, questions will be answered about how the NASW Code of Ethics influences decisions at the agency, how ethics violations are handled about staff and what ethical principles that I feel strongly about. 9.4 Values and Ethics in Your Practicum Agency What ethicalRead MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesThe qualitative research design I selected is â€Å"Negotiating futility, managing emotion: Nursing the transition to palliative care (Broom et al., 2015). Whenever a patient disease process and treatment turns unfavorable, unsuccessful with poor prognosis and terminal illness, the medical team recommends palliative care after consulting with the patient to explain their treatment modality and poor prognosis. Palliative referral is usually a sensitive subject for all involved, and do interject resistanceRead MoreAn Interdisciplinary Advisory Council Is House Bill ( Hb ) 10711332 Words   |  6 Pagesreceived which can aid with change in health care by a number of ways, one of which is to become active within the community and advocate for nursing and advanced care for the public. One way this can be done is to influence legislators by becoming active in supporting health care bills. Legislation Description Palliative care and quality of life interdisciplinary advisor council is House Bill (HB) 1071. The bill is about establishing a Palliative Care and Quality of Life Interdisciplinary AdvisoryRead MoreQualitative Research Study And Action Research Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesDesign The qualitative research design I selected is â€Å"Negotiating futility, managing emotion: Nursing the transition to palliative care (Broom et al., 2015). Whenever a patient disease process and treatment turns unfavorable, unsuccessful with poor prognosis and terminal, the medical team recommend palliative care after consulting with patient to explain their treatment modality and poor prognosis. Palliative referral is usually a sensitive subject for all involved, and do interject resistance withRead MoreNalyzing The Concept Of Palliative Care Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesnalyzing the concept of Palliative care Mauricio A. Barrera Appalachian State University School of Nursing â€Æ' 2 Throughout life and individual can experience a myriad of unexpected developments can which can have a dramatic effect on their lifestyle and how they are able to communicate with others. Comorbidities are the multiple appearances of a serious chronic disease like cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, which have a negative effectRead MoreCritical Reflection : The Euthanasia Debate1652 Words   |  7 Pagespractice remains high, leading to ethical distress among health care workers and patients alike (Butler et al., 2013). This paper will explore this issue, using Carper’s â€Å"ways of knowing,† and in doing so, will suggest implications for future practice. Analysis In 1978, Carper developed four â€Å"ways of knowing,† to aid health care professionals in critically analyzing various situations, including empirics, esthetics, personal knowledge, and ethics. White (1995) added a fifth â€Å"way of knowing,† the social-politicalRead MorePosition Paper- Palliative vs Curative Care1310 Words   |  6 PagesPosition Paper- Palliative vs Curative care. According to the World Heath Organisation (WHO, 2011), Palliative care is an approach, which aims to improve quality of life of patients and families who are crippled with life threatening illnesses. Alternatively, curative care is an approach that aims to prolong life through technological advances and medicine. It seems that the best approach to health care, would be to improve the quality of life as well as prolong life, through a combination of

Diffusion of Buddhism and Hinduism Free Essays

The changes in the diffusion of Buddhism and Hinduism through 600 CE greatly impacted these religions such as the popularity of the religions in India and where the religions was being diffused; however, a few continuities existed such as they both originated in India. Since Hinduism reinforces the caste system and Buddhism believe in equal treatment of all people which opposes the caste system, Buddhism started to spread into other areas other than India to offer an alternative to Hinduism for those in a lower caste. As Buddhism started to diffuse into other regions, the popularity of Buddhism in India started to decline because Hinduism gradually displaced them and became the more popular religion in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Diffusion of Buddhism and Hinduism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hinduism beliefs still continue to influence Indian society today. This changed more likely occurred because Buddhism would not have been as compatible with Indian culture in India as Hinduism has a more stronger tie to Indian culture like the reinforced caste system. The spread of Buddhism through 600 CE was diffused among other countries. Buddhism started out in India and rapidly grew throughout the world eventually traveling along the Silk Road and spreading to areas like China, Korea, and Japan. While Buddhism was spreading in other countries, Hinduism tended to stay mostly in India. Read also  Arya Samaj at  https://phdessay.com/arya-samaj/ Because Hinduism was more complex, it made Buddhism more easier to comprehend and understand because they accepted everyone equally while Hinduism weren’t accepting of people not born into the caste system. This change more likely occurred because Buddhism and Hinduism have slightly different views on the equality of people which benefited Buddhism to diffuse their religion in other areas besides India. How to cite Diffusion of Buddhism and Hinduism, Essay examples

Multimedia Traffic Security Architecture -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Multimedia Traffic Security Architecture? Answer: Introduction This is the world of Digitalization which new technologies re emerging constantly and making the life of consumer and Industry more convenient and easy. Internet of things is one such promising technology in which devices are internet enabled and communicate with each other based on artificial intelligence and analytics and are also capable for taking decisions. This machine-to-machine communication without the intervention of human is used to automate routine tasks making life convenient (Stankovic, 2014). There are numerous devices that can interact with your mobile phone and can take decisions. There are coffees machines capable of interacting with your mobile phones and can prepare coffee as soon as you reach home based on your location. Such is the potential of this technology however there are lot of concerns about data security and privacy also which are acting as inhibitors for the growth of this technology. There is also lot of research carried out by business giants and tec hnological leaders like Google, GE, Philips, Amazon, Cisco, and Samsung to sort out these issues. This report will discuss about the wide application fo IOT devices in our day to day life by focusing on some of the IOT enabled products that can be used in day to day life. Apart from this, this report also focuses on some of the most critical issues faced by this technology and how they can sort out. IOT Devices IOT has been rising continuously in last few years. Today, most of the products are available with Internet enabled not only for Industry but also for the end customers. The IOT devices in my home setting can be discussed as: Amazon echo It is one of the earliest products in Internet of things with large applications. It becomes a huge hit among consumers. There are more than seventy hundred thousand reviews on Amazon about this product. One can play any music genre or particular track from Amazon music, Pandora, TuneIn, Spotify just using your voice. Keen home Air purification and Thermostat solutions There is no need to setup the temperature using Keen solutions. It will automatically detect the optimal temperature based on the surroundings however you can change it. Also, there was one drawback in other similar systems where the house needs to be at the same temperature. Using this app, one can set the different temperatures for different rooms. Water sprinkler for gardening This is a very innovative product and has direct application in day-to-day life. When people go on holidays, they often wonder how they will water their plants and grass. This product is the ultimate water sprinkler controller that can be controlled form your mobile phone and even when you are not at your home, you can water the grass. IOT microwave These IOT enabled microwave are very convenient. They can be operated from mobile phone using the touch pad provided by the App and thus options like pre heating can be started when one is about to reach the home to save time. Also, it can take instructions from your voice and thus it is very handy. An Security systems There are security systems that can lock or unlock the doors or even cars without using keys and can save one from tension of carrying keys and thinking if they have locked or not locked their home properly. These locks can be controlled from the mobile app. Also, if guests are visiting your home, these systems will generate the key valid for guest visits duration, which can be shared with the guests Lighting systems It is often that people walk away from the room without switching off the lights. These smart lights have capable of detecting the occupants in the nearby area and can switch off themselves if no one is there. Also, if someone will walk in the room, they will automatically become on (Da Xu He, 2014). Smart TV Imagine accessing a website or using social media using television. Yes, this is possible by smart TV that has built in internet and can connect to host of devices like Philips Hue lights, Phone, camera, Amazon echo and many more. They are capable of notifying you if any of their part needs replacement or working at sub-optimal levels. There are numerous products available in the market by vendors like Philips, Samsung, LG, Panasonic. Coffee machine Like Microwave, there are even coffee machines available in the market that can read the instructions directly from your mobile and you can give the instructions to keep a coffee ready by the time you reach home, these machines will talk to your location on the mobile phones and will keep your cup of coffee ready exactly when you reach home (Swan, 2012). It will also notify in case of shortage of any ingredient or whenever it needs maintenance or cleaning. Issues and solutions for IOT devices There are lots of issues in IOT devices that are delaying the active adoption of this technology. Someone drives the car to the beautiful place located quite far from the city and now wants to lock his car where there is no Internet. How the devices will be communicated in case of lack of Internet is also needs to solve before these IOT devices see huge revolution in lifestyle and become part of consumer culture.Some of the specific issues are as follows: Security Issues Security is the biggest issue in the IOT. With use of IOT, there have been so many entry nodes available in the network that makes the network much more vulnerable. Also, as the common man is not very tech savvy, they have no idea how to protect themselves and fall prey to the intruders (Ganti, Ye, Lei, 2011). One of the reason for such insecure products in the market is the Organizations are in rush state and bringing products to the market to get first mover advantage without properly testing them. There should be a rule or policy that IT products should be secure enough and compliant to various parameters and only then should be use for public. Connectivity/Infrastructure Issues Currently, centralized client server mechanism is mostly used to authenticate and authorize devices to connect to different nodes in a network. This is fine as long as there are few devices but as per as the Gartner there will be more than 30 billion IOT devices by 2020 and thus centralized systems will become bottlenecks (Heer, et al., 2011). There are new models like Fog computing models, decentralized networks, block chains that are also the promising technology to handle such infrastructure issues (Roman, Zhou, Lopez, 2013). Compatibility and Standards Issues IOT is very fragmented industry with so many players and so many technologies competing against each other. There are issues due to lack of common technological standards, hardware standards, lack of standard protocols for machine to machine communication, lack of compatibility in embedded software and firmware between many devices (Babar, et al., 2010). With this rapid change, it is also possible that many of these players, new technologies, and new manufacturers of IOT device will go out of business in few years and will their device, technology work without support. Thus, it is important that all vendors should adopt common standards. It can also lead to a consortium situation where few players are collaborating and manufacture products compatible with each other and this will simply reduce the option for customers (Zhou, Chao, 2011). For example, if LG says that their microwave will only connect with Nest and Keen products and then LG users are restricted to buy Samsung products . Privacy Issues As so much data is getting generated and shared among devices, there is a lack of transparency who is the owner of data generated and as a result, this data can be sold by vendors to the marketing companies or companies like Google can use their data as they are into business of target marketing and showing advertisements to the people (Want, Schilit, Jenson, 2015). It would be correct to say that privacy issues are the most important issue that can exist in IOT infrastructure. Potential Solutions There are no easy solutions to the above issues. However, with technological advancements there are certain solutions. One of the solutions is to have an extra layer of user authentication. At the end of user, he or she must have an updated profile and the second layer of security can be added with the help of one time password on mobile (Drucker, 2015). Another solution is to keep all the applications updated and at the same time, user should have frequent scanning of the application. The antivirus system should be updated so that the latest viruses can be captured. It is also suggested that users should create different profiles for different family members based on the need. For example, the Smart TV can have different profiles for parents and kids. It is also important that the users must also install the security patches for all the IOT devices. The security patches would ensure that the IOT infrastructure is not vulnerable to the external threats. The bottom line is that users must have a continuous eye on the safety of IOT devices (Gubbi Buyya, 2013) Diagram of the dwelling layout The diagrammatic representation of my dwelling can be shown as: Conclusion The above paper discusses the Internet of Things infrastructure in my dwelling. With the above discussion, it can be said that there are various benefits of Internet of Things. However, organizations and individuals must also think about the strategies to overcome the challenges. The challenges and the associated threat can be highlighted in a table as: Challenges/ Issues Impact of Threat Security High Connectivity Medium (considering good availability of high speed Internet) Compatibility Medium Privacy High With the above discussion it can be said that the multiple solutions should be used to overcome the issues. For example, use of antivirus system along with firewall would help the user to safeguard the IOT infrastructure. References Babar, S., Mahalle, P., Stango, A., Prasad, N., Prasad, R. (2010). Proposed security model and threat taxonomy for the Internet of Things (IoT).Recent Trends in Network Security and Applications, 420-429. Da Xu, L., He, W., Li, S. (2014). Internet of things in industries: A survey.IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics,10(4), 2233-2243. Drucker, P. F. (2015). Internet of Things.European Commission Information Society and Media. Ganti, R. K., Ye, F., Lei, H. (2011). Mobile crowdsensing: current state and future challenges.IEEE Communications Magazine,49(11). Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future generation computer systems,29(7), 1645-1660. Heer, T., Garcia-Morchon, O., Hummen, R., Keoh, S. L., Kumar, S. S., Wehrle, K. (2011). Security Challenges in the IP-based Internet of Things.Wireless Personal Communications,61(3), 527-542. Roman, R., Zhou, J., Lopez, J. (2013). On the features and challenges of security and privacy in distributed internet of things.Computer Networks,57(10), 2266-2279. Stankovic, J. A. (2014). Research directions for the internet of things.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(1), 3-9. Swan, M. (2012). Sensor mania! the internet of things, wearable computing, objective metrics, and the quantified self 2.0.Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks,1(3), 217-253. Want, R., Schilit, B. N., Jenson, S. (2015). Enabling the internet of things.Computer,48(1), 28-35. Zhou, L., Chao, H. C. (2011). Multimedia traffic security architecture for the internet of things.IEEE Network,25(3).

Managemen & Professional Skills Development †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managemen and Professional Skills Development. Answer: Introduction In the management of every organization, there is a free will of the organization to choose to have a board observer when it comes to its stakeholder's duties. Asen, Gurke, Solomon, Conners, and Gumm (2011) denote that investors often request to be given the right of having their board observers during the relevant board meetings, an aspect that is guided by the interest of the investors. However, the observer is only required to attend the meetings but has no right of voting on essential matters affecting the meeting or respective organization ns. Board observers are at times excluded from portions of meetings with the aim of preserving the clients privilege and confidential information. This paper is a personal reflection on a board observer case study in the board meeting at Nossal High School. It reflects on an incident that occurred on the Theatre of the board workshops in relation learning the importance of teamwork, a skill that I aimed at developing as a board observer. The p aper also presents a journal reflection and concludes with a piece of advice to the students with the desire of becoming board observers. Professional Skills Development In every career, teamwork is a vital skill that determines the success of every professional. In many cases, professional experience is determined by the different aspects that are displayed by an individual such as listening, response, timeliness, effective performance, goal orientation, and objectivity among other skills. As a result, I joined the board meeting of the school not only as an observer but with the desire to advance my teamwork skills. According to Asen et al. (2011), most investors often have no desire of managing the organization, participating in decision-making or imposing their views of the startup management. However, it was my duty as an observer to have the strong desire of gaining more experience in understanding the issues affecting the institution while providing assistance and support. This is to ensure I have the best information for the investors of the institution to see if there were enough resources in addressing decisions the management of the institu tion face in the daily management of the institution. As board observers, one of the aspects we utilize in remaining relevant in a conversation to obtaining observer and the right to information. These rights give us the chance of sitting at the table in the board meetings and listen to the major issues affecting the performance of the organizations as pointed out by Gautam (2005, P. 26). As a result, such opportunities facilitate the development of positive working relationships hence enable board observers to support the startup through their experiences and networks while ensuring that alternative strategies are vetted and adopted as solutions to the identified challenges. Taking part in the board meeting of the institution hence gave me the opportunity of understanding the administrative issues effective the institution with the aim of getting updated information to keep the investors informed on the progress of the institution. My rights as a board observer at the board meeting that I did request gave the investors of the institution the opportunity and right of having a representative attend the startup meeting, which came at the beginning of the new academic year. However, I did not participate in the discussion as my primary objective was to listen. In the process of the meeting, the discussion made me ponder my thinking on some of the strategies that I could add to the discussion to add the value of the plan for the institution for the 2017/2018 academic year. Tracy (2007) points out that should an observer want to add value or have significant comments; the issues cannot be put directly in the meeting but can only be addressed offline with the leadership after the meeting. Nossal High School is one of the most respected institutions in Australia, and I got a good experience on administrative and professional management issues that are likely to affect the performance of an organization when not address ed effectively. In a systematic review, Fried-Oken et al. (2015) denote that there are few cases when a board observer may request the right of participating in discussions during board meetings while there are cases when stakeholders may request the observers to participate. Even though such rights are not granted on specific aspects, the same study denotes that even observers can add value and should at times be considered as there is potential value of getting alternative views in such board meetings. In each of these cases, the board of the institution believed that my active discussion was of a limited time horizon. Board observation report In their study, Ferkins and Shilbury, (2015) point out that statute often defines the rights of board observers. In other words, there is not any common right or law enabling investors to attend or observe the board meetings, receive board packets and information, inspect books, minutes, and records of the board meeting or even attend the committee meetings. However, these rights, as well as the related responsibilities of the observer, must be defined in a contract according to Pugliese, Nicholson, and Bezemer (2015, p. 4). As a result, the desire of gaining teamwork skills as an observer in the meeting enabled me to learn different aspects of the theatre of the board meetings. For instance, I learned that there are many segments of board meetings where it is considered inappropriate for us to attend. These include segments where we might have been perceived to have or are experiencing conflicts of interest among the participants as denoted by Pugliese, Nicholson, and Bezemer (2015, p. 2). The same study denotes that there are sessions of board meetings involving very sensitive personal matters and aspects of strategic business issues are discussed. In some cases, when things do not go as expected in different organizations, investors, creditors, corporation itself, and security holders may all seek out specific persons to hold accountable for the failures or losses. As a result, any person associated with decision making and management often becomes a very potential target. Confronted with such risks as well as additional obligations or potential criminal penalties which can be imposed on the individual, board observers need to be very careful in the process not to take part in any activity that may compromise their duties and put their professionalism in compromising situations. From participating in the board meeting as an observer, one of the big changes from my recent experience is that I am in the position to take actual board seats. With the experience, I desire to increase my teamwork skills and experience in the profession and will hence take part in more board meetings upon agreements depending on the contract owners. The position enabled me to understand crucial aspects of administrative issues that currently affect the management of education institutions such as Nossal High School. Learning Journal and Advice to the Student Form the 3rd weekly journal as a board observer, there are various issues I observed during the proceedings that always begun with prayers form any member as requested by the chairman. The previous minutes are always read and confirmed by the members. The previous AOB formed the main agenda since it was of much importance; the agenda was the issue of the rate of the mean grade drop in the school's performance as compared to the previous years. The Board Members requested the principal to help them understand the underlining factors that have led to this. The principal given a chance read the schools result and gave the analysis that indicated a drop of mean grade from 8.5 in 2010, 7.8 in 2011, and 6.7 in 2012. This trend was a clear show of the gradual drop that needed to be addressed. Explaining the main factors that included the small motivation plan which made most of the teachers to feel that their efforts were unrecognized by the school administration and the entire board of directors. It was stated that most of the teachers reside far from the school making them spend a lot of time and energy when coming to school. They tend to get exhausted mostly during the afternoon hours in addition to the unavailability of the proper meal plan. Other reason that was indicated by the principal included a large number of students compared to the number of the available teachers. There were various contributions from members of which most blamed the fewer efforts put by teachers while others thought that the reasons raised by the principal hold water. The meeting was in the argumentative mood until the chairman interceded to bring order by calling upon the members to come up with solutions rather than hitting on one another. A member insisted that individual performance is directly related to the overall performance of the school, therefore. After in-depth discussions, it was concluded that a proper plan was to be put to rejuvenate the morale of teachers and the students who have made efforts to place the school at the better place. Some of the motivational issues included rewarding the best performance through giving tokens to the best students and teachers. The board members were to organize the fundraising to collect money to oversee the construction of houses to those teachers that were residing far away from the school and expansion of the school library. The committee members were therefore instructed to oversee the fundraising operation through organizing a general meeting for all the parents. The Board Chairman stated categorically that he would personally engage with the Teachers Service Organization to facilitate the addition of the numbers of teachers in the school to feel the gap of inadequate teachers. Another meeting was scheduled so as for providing the information on the proceedings on the issues that wer e addressed such as the agreed date of the fundraising and a proper plan that would see that teachers are well fed during. The meeting was adjourned with a prayer there be no other business. Advice to the future students To the future student who is looking forward to being a board observer, they should learn to adhere to the highest standard of ethics that comply with the underlined rules that he will be subject to such being a silent member who is only able to make specific contributions that add value. A good board observer should always be firm in terms where conflicts arise but focus on maintaining teamwork as an essential aspect that determines the success of every board meeting. A good observer should still advise the chairman on the best way to address that conflict of interest, for example, raising the issue with the board members to discuss the problems appropriately. A reasonable observer must not always disclose information and in case there is need it should be done through the consultation and consensus with the board members. To be a reasonable observer should always strive to have access various information before every meeting to be at par with the board members and lastly, a good ob server should be well versed with effective communication and listening skills as it will allow helping in addressing various issues in the meeting. All these aspects can only be achieved when teamwork becomes a foundation for the team involved. References Asen, R, Gurke, D, Solomon, R, Conners, P, Gumm, E 2011, '"The Research Says": Definitions And Uses Of A Key Policy Term In Federal Law And Local School Board Deliberations',Argumentation Advocacy, 47, 4, pp. 195-213, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 October 2017. Ferkins, L, Shilbury, D 2015, 'The Stakeholder Dilemma in Sport Governance: Toward the Notion of "Stakeowner"',Journal Of Sport Management, 29, 1, pp. 93-108, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 October 2017. Fried-Oken, M, Daniels, D, Ettinger, O, Mooney, A, Noethe, G, Rowland, C 2015, 'What's on Your Mind? Conversation Topics Chosen by People With Degenerative Cognitive-Linguistic Disorders for Communication Boards',American Journal Of Speech-Language Pathology, 24, 2, pp. 272-280, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 25 October 2017. Gautam, K 2005, 'Transforming Hospital Board Meetings: Guidelines for Comprehensive Change',Hospital Topics, 83, 3, pp. 25-31, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 October 2017 'John Wiley Sons Inc Annual Shareholders Meeting - Final' n.d.,Fair Disclosure Wire (Quarterly Earnings Reports), Regional Business News, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 October 2017. Pugliese, A, Nicholson, G, Bezemer, P 2015, 'An Observational Analysis of the Impact of Board Dynamics and Directors' Participation on Perceived Board Effectiveness',British Journal Of Management, 26, 1, pp. 1-25, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 October 2017. Tracy, K 2007, 'The Discourse of Crisis in Public Meetings: Case Study of a School District's Multimillion Dollar Error',Journal Of Applied Communication Research, 35, 4, pp. 418-441, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 25 October 2017.